转 我为花旗银行(@Citi)花了数百小时撰写有关 Tether 的研究。 @CryptoHayes 漏掉了几个关键点: 1)Tether 披露的资产 ≠ Tether 全部的公司资产 当 Tether 产生利润时,他们会有一套独立的股权资产负债表,这部分并不会对外披露。他们公开的数字遵循一种“匹配(matching)”理念:也就是说,他们只告诉你他们的准备金是如何被资产覆盖的。 这份股权资产负债表包含: * 股权投资(equity investments) * 挖矿业务(mining operations) * 公司储备(corporate reserves) * 以及可能持有的更多比特币(BTC) * 其余利润则作为股息分配给股东。 2)他们极度高利润,股权价值巨大。必要时可以出售股权来填补资产负债表中的任何缺口。 Tether 持有约 1200 亿美元的有息美国国债,自 2023 年以来收益率约为 4%。 这意味着他们每年能产生约 100 亿美元的现金利润(PnL),成本极低(员工仅约 150 人), 是世界上效率最高的现金机器之一。 按此推算,他们的股权估值大概在 500 亿至 1000 亿美元之间。尽管他们曾透露希望以 200 亿美元融资换取 3% 股权——这对应5000 亿美元以上的估值。这种估值大概率不会落地,也可能偏高,但其股权依然极具价值。 3)银行的准备金比例远低得多。 通常只有 5–15% 的银行存款以流动资产形式存在, 其余 85%+ 都投向了更不流动的资产。 Tether 虽然不同于传统银行,但在这方面拥有类似特征, 而且其抵押强度甚至远高于银行。 核心差异在于: * 银行有最后贷款人(央行)兜底 * Tether没有这种背书 结论(TL;DR) Tether 不仅不会破产,情况恰恰相反——他们拥有一台“印钞机”。 I spent 100’s of hours writing research on tether for @Citi. @CryptoHayes missed a few key points. 1) 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬 =/ 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬 When tether generates $ they have a separate equity balance sheet which they don’t report publicly. The numbers they disclose are under a ‘matching’ philosophy; they’re just showing you how their reserves are backed. The equity balance is sheet is made up of equity investments, mining operations, corporate reserves & possibly more BTC, with the rest distributed as dividends to shareholders. 2) 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐲’𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐥𝐲 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞. 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐥 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐠𝐚𝐩𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐞𝐭. Tether has ~$120bn in interest yielding treasuries which have been yielding ~4% since 2023. That’s ~$10bn in liquid PnL with little cost (150 employees), making it one of the most efficient cash generating businesses in the world. I’m guessing this would make their equity worth somewhere in the $50-100bn range. Although they’ve reported they’re looking to raise $20bn for 3% which would put them at ~$500bn+ valuation. Probably won’t materialise, and likely overvalued, but still highly valuable equity. 3) 𝐁𝐚𝐧𝐤𝐬 𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐬. 𝟓-𝟏𝟓% 𝐨𝐟 𝐛𝐚𝐧𝐤 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐝 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝟖𝟓%+ 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐝 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬. Tether is different but holds similar qualities to a Bank in this regard, and is significantly better collateralised. A key difference is banks are backed by Lender of last resort (Central Bank) but Tether is not. TLDR: Tether isn’t going insolvent, quite the opposite; they own a money printing machine.

Keith A. GrossmanPresident, MoonPay

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我为花旗银行(@Citi)花了数百小时撰写有关 Tether 的研究。

@CryptoHayes 漏掉了几个关键点:

1)Tether 披露的资产 ≠ Tether 全部的公司资产

当 Tether 产生利润时,他们会有一套独立的股权资产负债表,这部分并不会对外披露。他们公开的数字遵循一种“匹配(matching)”理念:也就是说,他们只告诉你他们的准备金是如何被资产覆盖的。

这份股权资产负债表包含:

  • 股权投资(equity investments)
  • 挖矿业务(mining operations)
  • 公司储备(corporate reserves)
  • 以及可能持有的更多比特币(BTC)
  • 其余利润则作为股息分配给股东。

2)他们极度高利润,股权价值巨大。必要时可以出售股权来填补资产负债表中的任何缺口。

Tether 持有约 1200 亿美元的有息美国国债,自 2023 年以来收益率约为 4%。

这意味着他们每年能产生约 100 亿美元的现金利润(PnL),成本极低(员工仅约 150 人),

是世界上效率最高的现金机器之一。

按此推算,他们的股权估值大概在 500 亿至 1000 亿美元之间。尽管他们曾透露希望以 200 亿美元融资换取 3% 股权——这对应5000 亿美元以上的估值。这种估值大概率不会落地,也可能偏高,但其股权依然极具价值。

3)银行的准备金比例远低得多。

通常只有 5–15% 的银行存款以流动资产形式存在,

其余 85%+ 都投向了更不流动的资产。

Tether 虽然不同于传统银行,但在这方面拥有类似特征,

而且其抵押强度甚至远高于银行。

核心差异在于:

  • 银行有最后贷款人(央行)兜底
  • Tether没有这种背书

结论(TL;DR)

Tether 不仅不会破产,情况恰恰相反——他们拥有一台“印钞机”。

I spent 100’s of hours writing research on tether for

@Citi. @CryptoHayes missed a few key points.

1) 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬 =/ 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬

When tether generates $ they have a separate equity balance sheet which they don’t report publicly. The numbers they disclose are under a ‘matching’ philosophy; they’re just showing you how their reserves are backed.

The equity balance is sheet is made up of equity investments, mining operations, corporate reserves & possibly more BTC, with the rest distributed as dividends to shareholders.

  1. 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐲’𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐥𝐲 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞. 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐥 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐠𝐚𝐩𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐞𝐭.

Tether has ~$120bn in interest yielding treasuries which have been yielding ~4% since 2023. That’s ~$10bn in liquid PnL with little cost (150 employees), making it one of the most efficient cash generating businesses in the world.

I’m guessing this would make their equity worth somewhere in the $50-100bn range. Although they’ve reported they’re looking to raise $20bn for 3% which would put them at ~$500bn+ valuation. Probably won’t materialise, and likely overvalued, but still highly valuable equity.

  1. 𝐁𝐚𝐧𝐤𝐬 𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐬. 𝟓-𝟏𝟓% 𝐨𝐟 𝐛𝐚𝐧𝐤 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐝 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝟖𝟓%+ 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐝 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬.

Tether is different but holds similar qualities to a Bank in this regard, and is significantly better collateralised. A key difference is banks are backed by Lender of last resort (Central Bank) but Tether is not.

TLDR: Tether isn’t going insolvent, quite the opposite; they own a money printing machine.

Stablecoin

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