Hannah Stulberg
former Google APM

Original Statement

Hannah Stolberg was a Google APM and is now a product manager (PM) at DoorDash. Hannah has spent over 1,500 hours on Claude Code and developed a methodology called Team OS (Team Operating System) aimed at enabling PMs to support more engineers and functional teams through a high-context knowledge base.

1. Core Concept: Team OS (Team Operating System)

Background: Modern PMs face a greater span of support (previously supporting 3-4 engineers, now possibly supporting 10, while interfacing with sales, marketing, and other full functions).

Definition: Team OS is a structured GitHub repository (Repo) that stores all shared context of the team. It uses Claude Code (or other coding agents) as an interface, allowing team members to query information, automate tasks, and collaborate through natural language.

Hierarchical Structure:

Root Directory claude.md: An index file guiding Claude to navigate the Repo. It includes team member handles (Slack IDs), key channels, project document indexes, etc.

Functional Folders: Such as Product (PRD, roadmap), Analysis (SQL queries, metric definitions), Engineering (bug investigation records, design document RFCs).

Skills and Commands Folder: Stores shared agent instructions, automation skills, and execution commands.

2. The Art of Context Management

Minimizing Consumption: Hannah points out that the Claude MD file should remain concise, containing only the information needed for 80% of sessions. The structure of the Repo should guide Claude to read only the folders relevant to the current query through "nested" index files, saving tokens and leaving enough "Thinking Room".

Structuring Unstructured Data: While LLMs excel at handling unordered information, a unified format (like a standardized customer call summary template) can greatly enhance AI's accuracy and efficiency in cross-document analysis.

3. How to Write 10x Documentation through "Plan Mode"
Beyond Simple Prompting: Hannah believes that directly asking AI to write documents is inefficient. She recommends entering Plan Mode (double-click Shift+Tab in Claude Code).

Three-Stage Planning:

Alignment Suggestions: Have Claude first produce a lightweight execution proposal to ensure direction consistency.

In-Depth Research: Have Claude call multiple sub-agents in parallel to research competitors, read existing code context, and update outdated documents.

Multi-Agent Collaboration: For long documents, Hannah guides Claude to delegate writing tasks to multiple temporary sub-agents, each responsible for a chapter, with results written into temporary files, which the main agent then summarizes to prevent context window overflow and quality degradation.

Verification Mechanism: Clearly instruct Claude on how to self-check in the plan (e.g., using Playwright to check the frontend interface, referencing real URLs to verify research data).

4. Scaling Data Analysis

Analyst Brain: PMs do not need to be SQL experts to conduct precise analysis. By storing audited playbooks (analysis scripts), SQL templates, and table schemas in the Repo, PMs can have Claude call these verified "truth sources" for funnel analysis or metric queries.

Process Compliance: In the DoorDash team, the prerequisite for launching new features is to update the relevant metric descriptions and query logic in the Repo, ensuring that context never becomes outdated.

5. How PMs Use GitHub and Claude Code

Everything is Code: Hannah's documents (strategy, PRD, retros) are directly written in Claude and submitted (PR) to GitHub.

Everyone Participates: Even non-technical strategy partners have learned to use GitHub to submit PRs, serving as a single source of truth for team collaboration.

Beginner's Mindset: Use Claude to teach oneself. If you do not understand the Repo structure (like YAML files), directly ask Claude about the pros and cons of such structures to learn through practice.

6. Practical Advice for PMs

Leveraging Time: If you have 2 hours on the weekend, do not rush to catch up; instead, find a repetitive task to automate, freeing up 6 hours of learning time for the next week. At least 1 hour should be set aside each day to explore AI.

Depth First: The current market has many who skim the surface. Hannah suggests digging deep into one area (like automation or prototyping) to build a true professional barrier.

Tool Selection: Use ChatGPT for simple Q&A; advanced product work and Repo management must use coding agents (like Claude Code, Cursor, Codeex).

Detailed Summary: Hannah has proven that Claude Code is not just a tool for programmers; it is the productivity hub for knowledge workers. By building a structured Repo (Team OS) and mastering advanced planning and verification techniques, PMs can achieve leveraged output, allowing AI to truly become a "digital employee" capable of handling complex, multi-step, long-cycle tasks.

ABAB AI Insight

On the surface, this content discusses how a PM can enhance efficiency using Claude Code. However, from a higher perspective, what Hannah Stolberg is truly proposing is not just a tool technique, but rather: the production relationship of knowledge work organization is being rewritten.

The Team OS she describes is essentially not a "PM knowledge base," but rather: assetizing, structuring, and making machine-callable the team's tacit knowledge.

This is significant because the most valuable assets in a company have not been code, PPTs, or even just customers, but rather:

* The context in the team's minds
* Judgments known by veteran employees but not documented
* Implicit rules in cross-department collaboration
* Data standards, historical reasons, lessons learned, informal experiences.

In the past, these elements floated in human brains, Slack, meetings, Notion, and emails. Now, Hannah's intention is to reforge this scattered knowledge into a callable "organizational external brain" by AI.

This is where her strength lies.

1. The essence of Team OS is not a document system but an "organizational memory operating system."

You need to see through one point:

Common knowledge bases solve the "archiving" problem.
Team OS solves the "calling" problem.

The difference between these two is enormous.

Many teams have had:

* Confluence
* Notion
* Google Docs
* Dispersed SQL documents
* Product requirement documents
* RFCs
* PRDs
* Retrospectives.

But why are these often ineffective?

Because they are just "sitting there." The real difficulty is:

* Where is the relevant background when I need to develop a new feature?
* Which metric is recognized by the team?
* Has this experiment been done before?
* Who knows this history?
* Which SQL template has been audited?
* What files must be updated before this launch?

The essence of Team OS is to turn these questions into ones that AI can directly answer and execute.

So it is not a "knowledge warehouse," but rather: an organizational context scheduling system.

This is akin to what?

In the past, companies relied on "experienced employees mentoring newcomers" to transfer knowledge.

Now, what Hannah aims to do is to detach knowledge from individuals, transforming it into an organizational capability that is machine-indexable, combinable, verifiable, and executable.

Once this step is achieved, the team's combat effectiveness will undergo a qualitative change.

2. She truly hits on the biggest crisis for modern PMs: the span of support has skyrocketed, but cognitive bandwidth has not increased in tandem.

She mentions that PMs used to support 3 to 4 engineers, but now may need to support 10, while also interfacing with marketing, sales, operations, data, and more functions.

This statement is crucial.

Because the core issue for modern PMs is not the inability to write PRDs, but rather: the density of context has exceeded the stable carrying capacity of a single brain.

In other words, today, an excellent PM's bottleneck is not IQ, but rather:

* Context switching costs
* Information retrieval costs
* Knowledge distortion costs
* Repeated communication costs
* Multi-threaded project management costs.

Hannah's Team OS is essentially using AI to combat "context overload."

This is very modern and very realistic.

In the past, the strongest PMs had advantages such as:

* Good memory
* Quick reactions
* Many acquaintances
* Asking the right people.

In the future, the strongest PMs will gradually have advantages such as:

* Can they structure team knowledge?
* Can they enable AI to call context effectively?
* Can they continuously sediment organizational experience?
* Can they ensure every collaborator works from the same truth?

In other words: past PMs relied on personal ability, while future PMs will rely on "organizational capability orchestration."

This is the most valuable aspect of Hannah's methodology.

3. Why does she emphasize GitHub Repo rather than ordinary document tools? Because she seeks "governability."

Many people might say: isn't this just a knowledge base? Can't we use Notion?

On the surface, it seems similar, but at a deeper level, they are completely different.

The advantages of GitHub Repo are not "more technical," but rather that it inherently possesses four aspects that ordinary document systems find difficult to achieve:

First, version control.
You know who changed what, why they changed it, and when.

Second, PR mechanism.
Knowledge updates are no longer "whoever wants to change can change," but can be reviewed, discussed, and merged.

Third, structural constraints.
Directories, naming, indexing, and file relationships can be enforced.

Fourth, natural adaptability to agents.
Tools like Claude Code, Cursor, Codex are better at navigating, searching, modifying, summarizing, and referencing in repos.

This means Hannah is not creating a "pretty document center," but rather: a foundational organizational knowledge base that can be maintained long-term, collaboratively, and directly engaged by AI.

This difference is significant.

Because knowledge management fears two things:

* No one maintains it.
* It becomes increasingly chaotic.

The structured and review flow of GitHub precisely counters these two issues.

She is essentially migrating the "governance capabilities of the coding world" to the "knowledge work world."

This step is very advanced.

4. One of her deepest insights is: more context is not better, but more precise context is better.

She states that Claude MD should remain concise, containing only 80% of the information needed for conversations, guiding agents to read relevant folders through nested indexing, leaving the model with "thinking room."

This judgment is very strong.

Because many people make the mistake when first encountering AI of wanting to stuff all materials in at once.

But those who truly know how to use models understand:

* Models are not trash cans.
* Longer context does not equate to stronger context.

The core of context management is not "piling materials," but rather:

* What information goes at the entry level.
* What information should only be loaded when needed.
* What files are navigation files.
* What files are execution files.
* What information must be standardized.
* What information can remain flexible.

This is similar to the human brain.

* Experts are not those who remember everything.
* Experts know when to retrieve what information.

Hannah applies this principle to AI, essentially designing "cognitive architecture for machines."

This is no longer ordinary prompt engineering; it is: the information theory design of organizational knowledge.

5. She states that Plan Mode is necessary to write 10x documentation, which reflects that the most scarce ability in the AI era is not writing, but "decomposing."

This part is very worth understanding deeply.

Many people currently use AI to write documents in a very primitive way:

* Give a prompt.
* Let it output directly.
* If unsatisfied, rewrite.

This is akin to letting a newcomer write a strategic document without conducting research, reviewing materials, or breaking down tasks. The result is naturally shallow, superficial, and incorrect.

Hannah's method resembles that of a true editor or director:

First, align task boundaries.
Second, have multiple agents conduct parallel research.
Third, break down chapters.
Fourth, each produces temporary files.
Fifth, the main agent summarizes.
Sixth, clarify verification mechanisms.

Do you see it? This is no longer "letting AI write"; this is: engineering complex knowledge tasks.

Her brilliance lies in transforming knowledge work, which originally relied heavily on personal ability, into a:

* Decomposable
* Parallelizable
* Verifiable
* Reusable
* Continuously optimizable process system.

This is essentially the intersection of management science and AI.

In the future, the truly strong individuals will not necessarily be the fastest writers, but those who are best at: decomposing problems, organizing processes, setting verifications, and controlling quality.

This is why she is not just a PM who knows how to use Claude, but is reconstructing the workflow of knowledge labor in the AI era.

6. Her emphasis on "verification" indicates that she is not playing with AI, but is creating production-grade workflows.

This point is crucial.

Many AI users have the problem of letting models output and using them if they look correct.

This is a toy mindset, not a production mindset.

Hannah mentions the need to clearly instruct Claude on how to self-check in the plan, such as:

* Using Playwright to check the frontend.
* Validating research with real URLs.
* Calling audited SQL templates.
* Using schemas and queries confirmed by data scientists.

This shows she understands that the biggest risk with AI is not the inability to write, but the ability to "look like it can write well."

Thus, her method is not about "trusting the model," but rather: placing the model within an execution system with guardrails.

This is the fundamental difference between enterprise-level AI use and personal entertainment use.

A truly mature AI organization is not about "who prompts prettily," but rather:

* Where the truth sources are.
* Where the verification steps are.
* Who is responsible for standards.
* How to prevent hallucinations from entering the decision chain.

At this level, you must understand. Because in the future, all high-value AI applications will ultimately compete on: generation + verification + governance.

7. Her understanding of data analysis is very mature: it is not about making PMs learn SQL, but about enabling PMs to call "audited truths."

This insight is very strong.

Many discussions about AI + data analysis tend to fall into two extremes:

The first is that PMs who do not understand SQL go and struggle with SQL.
The second is completely leaving it to AI to write queries at random.

Neither is ideal.

Hannah takes a third path:

* Not requiring every PM to become an analyst.
* But requiring the team to place audited query templates, metric definitions, table structures, and analysis playbooks into the repo.
* Then letting Claude call these "trustworthy bases."

What is this approach essentially doing?

It is sedimenting the localized expertise of analysts into a semi-automated capability reusable by the entire team.

This is very strong because it simultaneously solves three issues:

* Lowering the analysis threshold for PMs.
* Preventing AI from fabricating SQL.
* Making organizational metric standards more unified.

In the future, many teams' data issues will not be due to a lack of querying ability, but rather:

* The same metric defined in ten different ways.
* Different people drawing different conclusions.
* Old queries being unmaintained.
* Launched features not having updated documentation.

Hannah requires that new features must update the metric descriptions and query logic in the repo, which is essentially doing something very difficult but extremely important: turning "knowledge updates" into "part of delivery."

Once this cannot be achieved, the knowledge base will inevitably die.

8. She is truly redefining the role of PM.

In the past, PMs were often understood as:

* Those who write requirements.
* Those who coordinate engineering.
* Those who push projects.
* Those who hold meetings.

But behind Hannah's methodology, she is actually upgrading PMs to another role: organizational context architects.

This role is not just about understanding users and defining functions, but also responsible for:

* How team knowledge is organized.
* How tasks are decomposed by AI.
* How collaboration is sedimented into the system.
* How truth sources are kept consistent.
* How non-technical members can also enter the same operating system.

This is impressive.

Because in the future, excellent PMs will no longer just be "translators between business and engineering," but will increasingly resemble: AI-enhanced organizational designers.

Whoever can turn organizational knowledge into machine-callable assets will be able to support larger teams, more threads, and more cross-functional collaboration.

This is the underlying logic of Hannah's statement about "enabling PMs to support more engineers and functional teams."

It is not about overtime or memory, but about: systemic leverage.

9. What she is most worth learning from is not just the methods, but the mindset of "investing spare time into automation."

She says that if you have two hours on the weekend, do not just rush to catch up, but automate a repetitive task to free up six hours for the next week.

This statement is very powerful.

Because most knowledge workers' lifestyles are:

* Running after tasks today.
* Continuing to fill yesterday's gaps tomorrow.
* Completing unfinished tasks over the weekend.

This mode seems diligent, but in reality, it becomes increasingly poor because it locks oneself into "selling time."

Hannah's mindset is: prioritize investing in actions that can free future time.

This is akin to capital thinking.

Poor people's mindset: earn a little today.
Rich people's mindset: spend a little first to establish a structure for continuous returns in the future.

Automation, templating, knowledge sedimentation, process reuse are essentially time investments. Her true strength lies in bringing this capital allocation mindset into PM workflows.

10. She emphasizes that "depth first" is also very important because the least valuable thing in the AI era is skimming the surface.

This point is particularly crucial.

Now many people can do a little AI:

* Can chat.
* Can write prompts.
* Can have the model revise a few paragraphs.
* Can have it summarize web pages.

But these abilities will rapidly diminish in value.

What truly has barriers is:

* Digging deep into a specific scenario.
* Building a structured knowledge base.
* Enabling AI to run complex processes.
* Forming a unique working system for one's team.

Hannah is not just showing off her ability to use Claude Code; she is proving that what truly matters is not whether one can use AI, but whether one can train AI to become part of their team.

This is the true meaning of "depth first."

11. I give you the most fundamental definition: what she is doing is essentially the "industrialization of knowledge work's eve."

* Before the industrial revolution, much work relied on the experience of masters.
* After the industrial revolution, work was decomposed, standardized, mechanized, and scaled.

Now knowledge work is following a similar path.

In the past:

* Good PMs relied on personal intellect.
* Good analysis relied on a few experts.
* Good collaboration relied on networks of acquaintances.
* Good documentation relied on a few capable writers.

In the future:

* Context will be structured.
* Tasks will be process-oriented.
* Research will be parallelized.
* Outputs will be verified.
* Knowledge will be machine-callable.

Hannah's Team OS is an early prototype in this direction.

So this is not just a small PM trick; this is a model for how knowledge teams transition from "handicraft" to "systematic production."

Finally, I will compress it into the ten most valuable conclusions:

1. Team OS is not a knowledge base, but an operating system for team context.

2. The biggest problem for modern PMs is not the inability to act, but context overload.

3. The value of GitHub Repo is not just in storing documents, but in providing version control, review mechanisms, and AI-friendly governance structures.

4. The core of context management is not more information, but more precise information scheduling.

5. The key to AI writing documents is not prompting, but task decomposition, parallel execution, and verification mechanisms.

6. The future of data analysis is not for everyone to learn SQL, but for everyone to call "audited truth templates."

7. Truly excellent PMs are evolving from requirement managers to organizational context architects.

8. Automation is not about saving small amounts of time, but about capital allocation of time.

9. The least valuable thing in the AI era is superficial usage; the most valuable is deep systematic implementation.

10. The future of knowledge work is not about being busier, but about being more systematic.

In conclusion, the most powerful statement is: Hannah Stolberg has truly proven that it is not just about PMs using Claude to enhance efficiency, but that the team's tacit knowledge can finally be engineered, versioned, and machine-callable for the first time.

This is the most valuable aspect of her methodology.

AI
H
Hannah Stulberg
former Google APM
·
10 min read
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